<p>The Cass County Dentzel Carousel, formerly known as the Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel and also known as the Riverside Park Dentzel Carousel or Logansport Carousel, is a historic carousel in Riverside Park of Logansport, Indiana. Built by the Dentzel Carousel Company, probably by 1900, it is one of the company&#39;s oldest surviving menagerie-style carousels, with animals likely hand-carved by George Dentzel. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The carousel is now located in the playground area of Logansport&#39;s Riverside Park, in a utilitarian multisided building. It is 42 ft in diameter, with animals arrayed three abreast on its sixteen spreading platforms. The animals depicted include deer, giraffes, a lion and a tiger, and a variety of horses. There are four two-seat chariots. The carousel includes its original mechanism for dispensing rings, in which the recipient of the brass ring is awarded a free ride. The organ and power plant (electric now, but originally steam) are of uncertain provenance, and may not be original.</p><br>
<p>The exact construction date of the carousel is not known. It has been estimated to have been built c. 1900-1903, but may be older.</p><br>
<p>Two other existing Dentzel Carousel Company carousels are also declared National Historic Landmarks. The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building survives in Mississippi and the Broad Ripple Park Carousel is in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>Broad Ripple Park Carousel is an antique carousel in The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis. It was installed in 1917 at an amusement park near the White River in Indianapolis, Indiana, where it remained until the building housing it collapsed in 1956. The rides mechanism was destroyed, but the animals were relatively unscathed and put into storage by the park&#39;s owners, the Indianapolis Department of Parks and Recreation. The animals were carved by the Dentzel Carousel Company some time before 1900 but were assembled by the William F. Mangels carousel company, which also supplied the engine powering the ride.</p><br>
<p>The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis acquired its first two carved animals from the ride in 1965, and the last few wooden animals in 1973. The museum planned to sell some to finance the restoration of others until the director of the museum, Mildred Compton, was convinced by carousel enthusiasts that the museum should instead restore all the animals and recreate the working carousel. Restoration of the carved animals began in 1966 and was only finished with the restoration of the entire carousel in 1977. No space had been allocated for the display of such a large exhibit in the museums planned new building, which meant some re-designing was necessary to allow its installation on the fifth floor. A 1919 Wurlitzer band organ model #146-B, a type manufactured only for carousels, was also installed. As restored, the carousel is 42 ft wide and has a total of 42 animals, including – as well as the usual horses – goats, giraffes, deer, a lion, and a tiger. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>The Broad Ripple Park Carousel was installed in 1917 in an amusement park on the outskirts of Indianapolis, Indiana. The White City Amusement Park had been established in 1906 in what is now Broad Ripple Village, alongside the White River. In 1908 a fire caused damage throughout the park, and only the swimming pool remained unscathed. The park closed for three years until its purchase by the Union Traction Company, which restored it and operated it for eleven years. The carousel was installed during the Union Traction Company&#39;s ownership. The park was sold in May 1922 to the new Broad Ripple Amusement Park Association, and renamed Broad Ripple Park. In 1927 the park was sold again, Only the carousel remained in Indianapolis after it was unsold</p><br>
<h3>Installation</h3><br>
<p>The carousel was commissioned by William Hubbs, who had it installed in White City Amusement Park in 1917. Built on a Mangel-Illions mechanism, it used animals carved by the Dentzel carousel company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, sometime before 1900.</p><br>
<p>Nothing is known of the history of the animals before their installation in the 1917 carousel assembly. During the 1960s newspaper reports stated that it was believed that the animals had arrived in Indianapolis in 1917, imported from Germany by two brothers named Mangels, but later research revealed the animals were manufactured by the Dentzel carousel company. Also included in the installation were oil paintings on the canopy over the animals and mechanism.</p><br>
<p>Part of the installation appears to have involved the retrofitting of some animals to fit the Mangels mechanism. During this process some of the animals, which were carved in stationary or standing positions and thus not meant to be "jumpers" (animals that moved up and down), were modified to allow them to move.</p><br>
<h3>Park usage</h3><br>
<p>Between 1917 and 1938 the carousel was located near the White City park pool, in an enclosed building with numerous large windows. In 1938, after the park was purchased by William McCurry,</p><br>
<p>The park district does not appear to have moved the carousel after taking over in 1945, as a 1955 newspaper article noted it was still in the same spot it had occupied for 38 years. The carousel was again operated as a concession within the park, this time by the wife of Everett DuBois, the park superintendent. Like Hubbs, Mrs. DuBois operated the carousel for almost 10 years. Although the district did not change the ride&#39;s location, it noted in 1955 that the equipment was showing its age. In 1955 the park district attempted to paint over the oil paintings on the canopy, which had deteriorated. The Indianapolis Art League objected, and volunteered to restore the original paintings rather than have them painted over with Disney characters.</p><br>
<p>The domed pavilion housing the mechanism collapsed in 1956, destroying the mechanism and the sweeps that supported the animals. The park district disposed of the destroyed mechanical parts and stored the animals. In April 1962 newspaper reports stated that the animals were to be donated to the zoo, for installation in the main zoo; the zoo planned to purchase a smaller merry-go-round for the children&#39;s zoo. The animals were apparently still being offered to the zoo in December 1963, as a newspaper story announced that the park district had just given the zoo authorization to use the carousel parts, and volunteers were being sought to restore the animals. The president of the Zoological Society described the animals as "bigger and more realistically colored, and more intricately detailed, sturdier, and they have more different kinds of animals than that aluminum junk they throw out today".</p><br>
<h3>Acquisition by the museum</h3><br>
<p>In 1965 The Children&#39;s Museum of Indianapolis,</p><br>
<p>The park district allowed the museum to use one of the surviving giraffes in a booth at a fall festival held at the Indianapolis Museum of Art in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The museum intended to keep a few of the animals and sell the others to finance its operations, but Mildred Compton returned from a visit to the 1973 National Carousel Roundtable convinced that it should instead restore all of them and recreate the working carousel in its planned new building. But no space had been allocated to allow the display of such a large exhibit, requiring the plans to be adjusted. Columns required in the original layout were removed to allow the carousel&#39;s installation on the fifth floor.</p><br>
<p>While plans were under way to secure funding for the restoration of the carousel, efforts were made to find some missing animals. By studying old photographs of the carousel, it was determined there had been three deer or stags which had not been found in the park district storage building. No one at the park district knew of their whereabouts, and some employees believed the animals had disintegrated. As well as the missing deer, two horses were missing. The museum contacted local newspapers, which published stories on the efforts to restore the carousel. The reports mentioned the missing animals, and that the museum was trying to locate them. An anonymous tip received in December 1973 revealed the deer were used in the annual Christmas Gift and Hobby Show, where they served as escorts for Santa Claus. Compton was able to secure the animals from the park district for the museum.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The mechanical parts were assembled in the fifth-floor area in November 1975, by Carval Stoots of Plainfield, Indiana, in 1976.</p><br>
<p>An artist from Pennsylvania recreated the upper outside panels in the style of the carousels of the period around the time of World War I. The carvings on the panels were provided by Allen and Rita Orre of Ohio and the International Amusement Devices Company of Ohio; the mirrors were produced by an Indianapolis glass firm. The scenery panels were initially some discovered Dentzel company panels, and these were used in 1976 and 1977 while replica Mangels-Illions-style panels were built in the museum&#39;s shops.</p><br>
<p>The animals were restored between 1975 and 1977 by Bill and Caroline Von Stein of Cincinnati, Ohio. The Von Steins were experienced with other types of museum conservation work, but had never restored carousel animals. Because of the animals poor condition, no attempt was made to restore them to their original paintwork; instead, the restorers were allowed to use their judgment on color choices and other decorations. The museums only requirements were that they use reasonably natural decorative schemes and no high-gloss paint.</p><br>
<h3>Changes since initial restoration</h3><br>
<p>The original engine propelling the carousel was a belt-driven mechanism, but after the initial restoration it was exchanged for a fluid drive provided by the Kissell Brothers Amusement Rides company of Cincinnati, Ohio, who suggested the platform for the carousel be improved. To provide crowd control, a pavilion was built over the carousel and a ticket booth was installed. Neither was based on any extant buildings, but each was a composite of several other structures. The animals are removed one at a time from the carousel for routine maintenance and refurbishment, which is carried out in the museum&#39;s own shops.</p><br>
<p>The carousel was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 27, 1987, and the National Historic Landmarks Program assessed its condition as "satisfactory" in 2008.</p><br>
<h3>QRpedia</h3><br>
<p>The carousel features a QR code as part of the museum&#39;s involvement in the QRpedia project. Visitors may scan the code with a suitable mobile device and will be served the Wikipedia article about it, in whatever language their device is set to use, if available.</p><br>
<h2>Carousel composition</h2><br>
<p>The carousel is one of the three oldest surviving Dentzel menagerie carousels. as are the three giraffes; Gustav Dentzel&#39;s love of that animal resulted in all of his carousels including at least one row of giraffes. The animals are arranged in three circles around the central mechanism, alternating leaping or jumping horses with stationary animals. Typical for a Mangels-Illions manufactured carousel, there are 18 jumping animals, all but one of which is original; the horse that could not be found in 1975 was replaced with another Dentzel horse. Although the animals were not originally carved to display jewels, at some point they were so displayed at the amusement park, and thus the museum restored the animals on the outside circle with jewels.</p><br>
<p>The mechanism powering the ride is a 40 ft diameter Mangels-Illions manufactured carousel, but it is uncertain whether this exactly matches the original Mangels-Illions mechanism. The whole assembly has a diameter of 42 ft. The organ, a 1919 Wurlitzer carousel organ model #146-B, is of a type designed specifically for carousels.</p><br>
<p>The Allan Herschell 3-Abreast Carousel is a carousel built in 1916 by the Allan Herschell Company. The carousel features 35 hand-carved jumping wooden horses and two hand-carved chariots which serve as benches. The carousel is one of only four large carousels made by the Allan Herschell Company between 1915 and 1927; in addition, the horses on the outer rim feature gentle faces and detailed, deep woodwork, making them a rarity among the company&#39;s designs.</p><br>
<p>After likely operating in an amusement park in the eastern United States, the carousel moved to Seaport Village in San Diego, in 1977; then it was restored in 1997; then it began operating in Chase Palm Park in Santa Barbara, California, in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The carousel listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The company broke its lease due to winter revenues in 2017. The facility closed after a weekend carnival in early December, 2017, with free rides for everyone. Then the carousel itself has been relocated to a museum of historically significant carousels in Hood River, Oregon which is scheduled to open in 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Hyland House Museum or Hyland–Wildman House is a historic house museum at 84 Boston Road in Guilford, Connecticut. Built in 1713, it is one of the town&#39;s best-preserved houses of that period. It has been open to the public as a museum since 1918, under the auspices of a local historic preservation group. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The house features Colonial-era furnishings and artifacts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hyland House is located a short way east of Guilford&#39;s central town green, on the north side of Boston Street just east of Graves Avenue. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, stone central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with small-pane diamond-lighted windows arranged symmetrically around the center entrance. The entrance is simply framed, with a four-light transom window above. The rear roof face extends to the first floor, giving the house a classic New England saltbox profile. Its interior is noted for its decoratively chamfered girts, believed to be one an early example of this type of decoration.</p><br>
<p>The house has long been ascribed a construction date of about 1660, when builder George Hyland is thought to have built a house on this property. The house underwent an extensive restoration in 1917 by the architectural historian Norman Isham. The restoration was funded by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, now Historic New England.</p><br>
<p>The Old Providence Church is located off New Boonesboro Road in Winchester, Clark County, Kentucky, United States. Constructed of stone, the building was built in the late eighteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Among the members of the church was Daniel Boone, and two of his family members — Samuel and Mary — were baptized there. Once named Howard&#39;s Creek Church, it was renamed Old Providence Church in 1790. A "United Baptist" organization was founded at the church in 1801. The building was passed to the Negro Baptists in 1870; it was slightly damaged in a fire and restored in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The S. P. Kerr Building is a historic building on the northwest corner of North Main Street and West Broadway in Winchester, Kentucky. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property in the Winchester Downtown Commercial District. Built in 1889, it is a three-story brick building with stone sills and lintels and a rounded corner entrance flanked by rough-hewn stone columns. The building contains about 32,000 ft&sup2; of space.</p><br>
<p>The Kerr Building originally housed Eclipse Mills, but in later years it was home to J. J. Newberry&#39;s and The Corner Drug Store. By 1999, the building was vacant and in disrepair. As a result of the deterioration, the Bluegrass Trust for Historic Preservation placed the Kerr Building on its "11th Hour" Most Endangered list. In 2001, the building was purchased by Union Properties and Bailey Associates, who began refurbishing the building in August 2002, including repairing water damage, leaks in the roof, and worn storefronts. The renovations took more than three years (it was completed in December 2005) and cost more than $2 million. The building now houses around 18,000 ft&sup2; of senior living space and 9,000 ft&sup2; of commercial space.</p><br>
<p>The wooden rooster on the roof of the building is said to have been placed there as the result of a bet involving the outcome of the 1932 presidential election. The original rooster eventually disappeared, but a replacement was installed during the 2002 renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Oakwood Estate is a house in Winchester, Kentucky. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as Alpheus Lewis House.</p><br>
<p>The Oakwood house, on the Lewis Estate, has a history that dates from the ante-bellum era. The house is on the banks of Stoner Creek, about some miles off of Wades Mill Rd.</p><br>
<p>At the time the house was built, it was home to Alpheus Lewis Sr., his wife and nine children. He was born in 1799. His father was a veteran of the Revolutionary War and a member of the House of Burgesses and acquired 3,000 acre of land which he eventually divided among his sons. Alpheus built his house, which he later named Oakwood. He created a wine business known as "A. Lewis and Sons". Lewis son, Alpheus ("Ack") Lewis Jrs time in the Civil War, made Lewis and his home well known in Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The condition of Oakwood today is deteriorating with major instabilities in the structure. The backyard however may still have a rail fence made completely of stone, a rarity. Behind it are the graves of Alpheus Lewis Sr. and his wife Theodosia.</p><br>
<p>The Clark County Court House is a Greek Revival courthouse in downtown Winchester, Kentucky, United States.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1853, it is the fourth building on this site, and still houses the Circuit Courtroom and Family Courtroom for the Administrative Office of the Courts.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>It is the centerpiece of the Winchester Downtown Commercial District, also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Washington Firehouse No. 5, also known as Fire Station No. 5, is a historic fire station in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The building features a Doric distyle-in-antis arrangement at the street level supporting an upper story with jib windows opening onto a cantilevered iron balcony. The building was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1983.</p><br>
<p>St. Philip&#39;s Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located in the High Hills of Santee, in the antebellum summer resort community of Bradford Springs in Lee County, South Carolina, about six miles north of Dalzell.</p><br>
<p>It is no longer an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina, but the historic parish church is maintained by local descendants of the original members with assistance from the diocese.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1840 in what was then part of Sumter County, it is an early example of the Carpenter Gothic style of architecture. It is unusual among such churches in featuring a pointed arch window in its front gable rather than the customary circular rose window. On April 17, 1996, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>St. Philip&#39;s Cemetery is included in the historic place designation. Buried there is the Rev. Charles Pinckney Elliott, the first rector of the church.</p><br>
<p>Bethesda Presbyterian Church is a church in McConnells, South Carolina that was built in 1820. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>According to the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, "One of the oldest churches in the South Carolina Upcountry, Bethesda Presbyterian Church is also one of the four original Presbyterian churches in the state’s old York District. A mission (church) is believed to have existed as early as 1760 and Bethesda was formally organized about 1769 or 1770. From 1800 to 1863, the congregation held large camp meetings associated with the Second Great Awakening."</p><br>
<p>Singleton&#39;s Graveyard is an historic plantation cemetery located off SC 261 in the High Hills of Santee, 6 miles south of Wedgefield, South Carolina. On May 13, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Singletons Graveyard was the family cemetery for the wealthy and prominent Singleton family descended from Col. Matthew Singleton (1728–1787), who settled in the area in the mid-18th century. It is located on Melrose Plantation built in 1760, one of the familys many plantations. All that remains of Melrose, though, is the graveyard. The 43 known graves date from 1794 to 1944. Many are Singleton family members, including Matthew Singleton himself. The most notable grave marker is that for Governor George McDuffie (1790–1851), husband of Mary Rebecca Singleton, daughter of Col. Richard Singleton. It was designed by noted sculptor Ottaviano Gori of New York City. William Tennant (1740-1777, noted Presbyterian minister and politician, is believed to be buried here, since his widow recorded in their family Bible that he died at "Captain Singleton&#39;s High Hills of Santee, August 11, 1777...".</p><br>
<h2>Singleton - Van Buren connection</h2><br>
<p>Sarah Angelica Singleton, daughter of Col. Richard Singleton and his wife, Rebecca Travis Coles, married Abraham Van Buren on November 27, 1838, at her parents’ home in Wedgefield. Her father-in-law, Martin Van Buren, was then eighth President of the United States and she served as First Lady during the rest of his time in the White House.</p><br>
<p>The Stevensville Bank is a historic bank building located near the center of Stevensville, Maryland, United States, and is in the Stevensville Historic District. The building&#39;s name is a reference to Stevensville Savings Bank which once occupied the building. The classically detailed bank is now used as a law office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Stevensville Savings Bank</h2><br>
<p>Stevensville Savings Bank was the bank that occupied the building until the 1960s. At that time, the bank moved near a strip mall at the edge of Stevensville and changed its name to Tidewater Bank. Tidewater Bank later merged with larger banks; in recent years it has been owned by Nations Bank and Bank of America. The Tidewater Bank building continues to serve as a Bank of America branch known as the Tidewater Branch.</p><br>
<p>The Riley Center, also known as the Grand Opera House and formally as the Mississippi State University Riley Center for Education and Performing Arts, is a performing arts and conference center in Meridian, Mississippi. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Opera House and the adjacent Marks-Rothenberg Department store were built in 1889 by half-brothers Israel Marks and Levi Rothenberg. The opera house was a site for entertainment and theatre for decades.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the extensive theater renovation, the Riley Center project redeveloped the department store as a conference facility. Together the theater and conference space make up the Mississippi State University Riley Center for Education and Performing Arts, owned and operated by Mississippi State University-Meridian Campus.</p><br>
<h2>Original Opera House</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, Israel Marks and his half-brothers Levi, Sam, and Marx Rothenberg, expanded their retail operations by opening a new wholesale and retail mercantile store and an adjoining hotel. The site chosen covered almost a half a block—five lots facing 5th Street and three lots consuming the entire length of 22nd Avenue between 5th and 6th Streets. Construction began in 1889, under the direction of C.M. Rubush, a builder from Meridian. The exterior of the building was designed by Gustavus Maurice Torgerson, architect of Meridian&#39;s original City Hall. The designs included a mansard roof, establishing the architectural style as late Victorian, Empire/Romanesque.</p><br>
<p>For an unknown reason, construction of the hotel was interrupted in process, and the brothers decided to develop a Grand Opera House instead. Factors that may have influenced the decision may have been:</p><br>
<p>The top price for a ticket to a first-run production by a traveling company with a star, set at $1.50 (about the same price as a room in a decent hotel)</p><br>
<p>The profit margin would be much larger for an opera house than a hotel</p><br>
<p>Torgerson was familiar with the highly successful Grand Opera House of New Orleans, completed only a few years earlier.</p><br>
<p>Marks spent most of the year in New York City. He would have learned about the more successful shows, and, most probably, the booking and production houses of Klaw and Erlanger, the founders of the Syndicate—the most powerful commercial force in the American theatre at the turn of the century.</p><br>
<p>Seeking quality work, the Marks-Rothenberg partnership hired J.B. McElfatrick of New York and St. Louis to design the interior of the Grand Opera House. As of 1890 McElfatrick had designed dozens of theaters in the United States, including the National Theater in Washington, D.C., and the Metropolitan Opera House of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>The stage, at 30 feet wide by 50 feet deep, could accommodate the largest, most lavish shows from New York. Under the 35-foot high arched proscenium an ornate painted border featured the "Lady." The image of the "Lady" eventually became the symbol of the Opera House, and in the 21st century, the Grand Opera House is often referred to affectionately as "The Lady."</p><br>
<h3>Performances</h3><br>
<p>The Opera House was completed in late 1890, in time for the December 17 opening with Johann Strausss recent operetta, The Gypsy Baron (1885), performed by a German-language company from New York. The same company performed Adolph Müllers romantic opera, The King&#39;s Fool (1891), the next night.</p><br>
<p>Unlike these European works, most plays or entertainments produced at the opera house were simple melodramas that would have been very familiar to the citys residents. But sometimes international figures performed here as part of national tours in the United States, or notable works were produced on similar tours; examples are the actress Sarah Bernhardt appearing in La Tosca, and a production of Henrik Ibsens play, Ghosts (1881). This play about the hidden costs of sexual adventures must have created quite a stir in Southern society. The most popular form of entertainment at the opera house was the blackface minstrel show. White performers with black make-up on their faces impersonated African Americans, usually as caricatures, in a style related to vaudeville. African-American companies, such as "Black Patti," also performed here. Seating was segregated.</p><br>
<h3>Alterations and renovations</h3><br>
<p>The Opera House was remodeled in 1902, reopening on September 17. The original entrance was moved to the left of the former gallery entry. Three marble steps led up to the entrance, which had a metal extension gate that could be closed when the theatre was dark. Electricity upgrades were also added in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The Opera House was remodeled again in May 1920, when it was converted in part to a movie theater, the new art form whose popularity was growing rapidly. The renovated theater opened on June 7, introducing the silver screen, which can still be seen in the backstage area of the theater. In this transition the gallery was divided into two areas, allowing a center opening for the film&#39;s projection.</p><br>
<h3>Fall of the Opera House</h3><br>
<p>The demise of the Opera House began in 1923, when it was leased to Saenger Films of New Orleans, under title of the Plaza Amusement Company, at a cost of $1,000 a month for a period of 25 years. The lease was for thirty years, but in 1927, Saenger bought the larger Temple Theater and wanted to gut the opera house for use as an office building. Because Levi Rothenberg, the previous owner (and builder) of the opera house had inserted a clause into the lease specifying that the building could be used only as a theater, Plaza Amusement abandoned it and refused to pay rent. After Saenger reneged on the lease, a long court battle ensued. The Rothenbergs eventually won the case, but the Great Depression had begun by then, Saenger had declared bankruptcy, Levi Rothenberg had died, and the Grand Opera House was closed.</p><br>
<p>After the Opera House closed, the department store continued to operate under various ownerships. It was in business until 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<h3>Cause for Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In the 1960s the opera house was covered with metal siding as a part of a modernization trend, and the building lost some of its historic character. In the 1980s, part of this siding was removed. As the community was reminded of the building&#39;s original grand appearance, people organized to restore the building. Over the next two decades, local efforts to "save the Grand Opera House" and restore the adjacent Marks-Rothenberg building garnered support.</p><br>
<h3>Funding</h3><br>
<p>In 2000 The Riley Foundation made a $10 million grant for restoration, with a stipulation that Mississippi State University own and operate the center. The Riley Foundation donated another $2.1 million in 2005 for construction and technology upgrades. Other donations by local, state, and federal agencies followed, including a $4 million donation by Lauderdale County, a $3.6 million grant by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development and a $3 million grant from the United States Department of Commerce, both related to urban and economic development. The project&#39;s final price tag was slightly under $25 million.</p><br>
<h2>Riley Center today</h2><br>
<p>The Riley Center includes a theater which seats approximately 950 people, and a 200-seat studio theater. It also includes 30,000 ft&sup2; of meeting space for a conference center, with a large exhibit hall, break-out rooms, and board rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Arlington Hills Library is a 1916 Beaux Arts library building designed by Charles A. Hausler. It is one of three Carnegie Libraries in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It served as the Arlington Hills Public Library, a branch of the St. Paul Public Library, from 1917 until its relocation in 2014. The building is located in the Payne-Phalen neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The rectangular footprint of the building allowed two large reading rooms on the main level, and an auditorium and other smaller rooms in the basement. The eighty-foot symmetrical facade features seven bays, three of which have large stone arches over windows or the doorway, and four which have rectangular windows and plaques. The facade also has twelve pilasters with Ionic capitals. This facade is topped with a stone parapet with pilasters and grill-work, which rests on a classical entablature.</p><br>
<h2>Relocation</h2><br>
<p>The public library closed for relocation on Saturday, March 15, 2014 and reopened at 1200 Payne Ave. on May 22, 2014, as part of the Arlington Hills Community Center in collaboration with the parks and recreation department. The building went up for sale by the City of Saint Paul for adaptive reuse that would maintain the historic structure.</p><br>
<h3>East Side Freedom Library</h3><br>
<p>The nonprofit East Side Freedom Library signed a lease with the city in March, 2014, and will feature a reference book collection along with classrooms and meeting spaces for cultural events. The East Side Freedom Library was expected to open in June, 2014,</p><br>
<p>Riverview Branch Library is a branch of the Saint Paul Public Library serving the West Side neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is a Carnegie library built in 1916. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and education. It was nominated for being one of only three Carnegie libraries built in Saint Paul, one of the first projects of Saint Paul city architect Charles A. Hausler, one of the last American libraries built with Carnegie Foundation funding, and for being an important neighborhood landmark in Beaux-Arts style. Many immigrants to Saint Paul lived on the West Side and the library was designed to serve those residents.</p><br>
<p>Architecture critic Larry Millett noted a large amount of natural light and described it as one of the "West Side&#39;s finest buildings".</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Brunson House is one of the oldest houses remaining in Saint Paul, Minnesota it was built ca. 1856 in the area known as "railroad island," being surrounded by tracks. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Brunson was born in 1823 in Detroit, Michigan. His father, the Rev. Alfred Brunson, was an itinerant Methodist preacher who traveled a "circuit district" along the Mississippi River between Rock Island, Illinois to Saint Anthony Falls. The elder Brunson made his permanent residence in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. In 1847, Benjamin Brunson came to the area to assist his brother, Ira, in making the first plat of the city of Saint Paul. Ira had led a number of soldiers from Fort Snelling in driving a number of squatters off the military reservation and down to the present site of the city, which was first named "Pigs Eye" after its founder Pierre "Pigs Eye" Parrant. The first plat is credited to Benjamin, and he surveyed many other additions to Saint Paul and prepared plats for neighboring communities in Minnesota. Brunson also served in the first Minnesota Territorial Legislature and served as a justice of the peace, a superintendent of mail carriers, a merchant at the Old Steamboat Landing, and as a civil engineer for the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad. He built his house in 1855 in Brunson&#39;s Addition to the City of Saint Paul, which was a semi-rural area at the time but is now within an inner-city warehouse and industrial district. He lived in Saint Paul until his death in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The C.S.P.S. Hall, also known as Czech Hall or as CSPS Sokol Hall, is the home of the Czech-Slovak Protective Society Hall — a recreation center and meeting house used for social events, including Sokol events; important to the cultural preservation of Czech and Slovak immigrants in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The C.S.P.S. was founded in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1854, and, like other immigrant societies, began by offering a kind of insurance program, which provided for members when they were ill and covered funeral expenses.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Saint Agnes is a Catholic church of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The parish was founded in 1887 and the current church building was completed in 1912 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1887 by Archbishop John Ireland, who wanted to serve German-speaking immigrants who were settling in the Frogtown neighborhood of St. Paul to find work with the Great Northern Railway. The first brick-veneer building was designed by George Bergmann, a St. Paul architect who was also a parishioner and completed in 1888. However, a decade later, the congregation had outgrown the original building, and additional land was purchased for a new church complex.</p><br>
<p>The current building was begun in 1897 under the direction of James Trobec, who later became the third bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud. Two competing designs were submitted by architects Hermann Kretz and George Ries, and the design by Ries was selected. Ries modeled his design after Stift Schlägl, a Praemonstratensian monastery in Northern Austria near Aigen im Mühlkreis. The Baroque architecture style was familiar to immigrants who came from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and southern Germany. It is also influenced by Beaux-Arts ideals of balance and symmetry.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1897, when the basement was built. The basement was used for services while funds were raised to build the full structure. In 1909, after around $200,000 was raised, work on the structure resumed, to be completed in 1912. The onion-domed bell tower is 205 ft tall, and placed at an unusual location at the back of the sanctuary. The front of the church has a monumental staircase leading to a terrace with three grand entrance doors. The central entrance door has an ornate window with niches on either side with statues of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Above that, there is a pedimented gable with a statue of Saint Agnes, the patron saint of the church. The church and the tower are clad in Indiana limestone. Architecture critic Larry Millett calls the church, "The monument in Frogtown and one of St. Paul&#39;s finest churches."</p><br>
<p>The church was dedicated in 1912 in a four-hour-long service conducted by Archbishop John Ireland, accompanied by 32 priests. Brass chandeliers were salvaged from the former Minnesota State Capitol building which was located on Wabasha and Exchange Streets in downtown St. Paul. Stained glass windows were installed in 1930, along with a marble altar. The altar has a mosaic depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus with the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint John.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Saint Bernard is a Roman Catholic parish in the North End neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota. The brick church was designed by John Jager and built 1905–1914 in the Prairie School and Art Nouveau styles. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The parish formerly included a private school, Saint Bernard&#39;s High School, which closed in 2010 due to declining enrollment.</p><br>
<p>The William Dahl House was built by William Dahl and his Irish wife, Catherine Margaret Murphy in 1858. The home was moved from 136 13th Street in 1997. It is the last surviving house of the Lowerton residential district. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Dahl emigrated from England to Minnesota in 1849. In 1857, Dahl purchased the land and completed his home in the summer of 1858. Built by Ireland and Donavan, the original cost was $300. The original house measured 20 ft by 30 ft. A 19 ft by 16 ft kitchen was added in 1886, and a dining and recreation room was added in 1962.</p><br>
<p>Dahl died from tuberculosis in September 1858. His wife Catherine supported her three children by taking in laundry. She died in 1901 and her son Edward inherited the property.</p><br>
<p>Edward Dahl and his wife Sophia lived in the house until 1936. The property was sold to Roy Patterson. After Patterson&#39;s death, his widow sold the house to the state of Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The house served as an office for the criminal system ombudsman.</p><br>
<h3>Relocation</h3><br>
<p>In 1997, the Minnesota Department of Revenue building was erected near the site of the historic home. In 2000, the house was relocated to its present-day location on 508 Jefferson Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Finch, Vanslyck and McConville Dry Goods Company Building is a classical revival warehouse building designed by James E. Denson, built by George Grant Construction Company, in 1911 and 1923; it is part of Lowertown Historic District in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It fronts Mears Park and is currently used as residential apartments, under the name of Cosmopolitan Apartments. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. M. L. Latta House was a historic home located in the Oberlin neighborhood of Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the last remaining building from Latta University, a trade school for African Americans that operated from 1892 until 1920. The house was named after Morgan London Latta, a freedman and former slave who graduated from Shaw University after the Civil War. It was built about 1905, and was a substantial, two-story Queen Anne style residence with a Tuscan order wraparound porch. He founded Latta University to educate freedmen and orphans in Raleigh&#39;s African-American community and built the campus next to his house. His house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, and designated a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>On January 8, 2007, a fire destroyed the house, leaving only the manmade brick foundation. Before the fire, plans had been made by The Latta House Foundation to adapt the house as a cultural center. After the fire, the property owner gave the land to the city of Raleigh for use as a park.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church of St. Paul is an historic church building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The original steeple, which rose 145 ft above the ground, was removed in 1945. The stone base was sinking into the marshy soil and causing structural strain on the rest of the building. A new, shorter steeple was erected, but without the belfry and clock that the original steeple had.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation started as a Sunday school run by Harriet Bishop in 1847. She came from Vermont to the St. Paul area, still a part of Wisconsin Territory before Minnesota Territory was organized, after hearing that there were about thirty children who had no school or teacher. The school was originally located in an old blacksmith shop, which she described as "a mud-walled log hovel covered with bark and chinked with mud." A new schoolhouse was built on Jackson Street. On February 8, 1849, the Reverend John Parsons was appointed as a missionary to St. Paul. He preached in the schoolhouse at the start. On December 29, 1849, the church formally organized itself. They made immediate plans to build a church on "Baptist Hill", now part of Mears Park.</p><br>
<p>The congregation needed more money than they could raise locally, so Parsons traveled east to New York in 1851 to raise donations. Unfortunately he was robbed in New York City, and he lost the entire amount of $2,300 that he had raised. He spent a couple months recovering his injuries, then set out to return to St. Paul. He died on a riverboat north of St. Louis, Missouri. His funeral was the first service held in the newly built church, which was financed by loans raised in anticipation of Parsons&#39; funds.</p><br>
<p>In 1857 Baptist Hill was graded down to the same level as the surrounding area, leaving the small church 20 ft above its surroundings. The congregation looked for a new site and built a new church on Wacouta Street, which opened on January 1, 1862. This was a larger stone structure, but the rapidly expanding community outgrew its second structure. William W. Boyington of Chicago was commissioned to design a new building, located nearby at the corner of Ninth and Wacouta.</p><br>
<p>The Germania Bank Building, later renamed the St. Paul Building, is a historic office building in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1889. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 for its local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for being Saint Paul&#39;s only surviving brownstone high-rise.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>Minnesota&#39;s young capital city was booming when the Germania Bank was chartered in Saint Paul in 1884, with Alexander Ramsey as its president. The corner of Fifth and Wabasha Streets was a prime downtown location, and a design competition was held for the new building. From the eleven entries received, judges chose the design submitted by J. Walter Stevens, architect of several elegant Summit Avenue homes and Lowertown warehouses.</p><br>
<p>Like many pioneer architects, Stevens only training had been a few years as an apprentice in his fathers office. But he became successful with the help of talented draftsmen who moved from city to city, following the money to construct their elaborate designs. Harvey Ellis, one of the finest architectural artists of the period, worked sporadically for Stevens after arriving in the city in 1886. Based on the evidence, some architectural historians believe that Ellis worked on the winning entry. In a "sketch for interior of a bank by Harvey Ellis", published in Western Architect in 1904, J. Walter Stevens is identified as the architect. The Germania Bank Building is the only bank Stevens is known to have designed.</p><br>
<p>An unsigned pen-and-ink rendering of the Germania Bank, dated 1888, was reproduced in American Architect in 1892. The design is a hybrid of the popular Richardsonian Romanesque style, incorporating an Italian Renaissance revival top story. This transitional style was becoming popular in Boston and Chicago, contributing to the evidence that the wandering Ellis helped design it.</p><br>
<p>At eight stories, the building was much taller than its neighbors. Three other multi-story office buildings, however, were built downtown that year—of brick. Germania Bank was the last high-rise brownstone.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The buildings cavernous entries and windows are supported by Roman arches in massive walls of rusticated red Lake Superior Sandstone. Stonemasons carved fanciful designs into the soft sandstone columns as well as the window and door trim. The upper third of the façade features a multicolored checkerboard pattern and colonettes inspired by an Italian palazzo. Built by Lauer Brothers, the structures final cost was more than $165,000.</p><br>
<p>The bank occupied the entire second floor, which featured a coffered wooden ceiling, intricately carved moldings and recessed arches, marble floors, and ornate iron grillwork at the tellers&#39; windows.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>Only ten years after constructing their headquarters, the Germania Bank was forced to liquidate. By 1902, the former bank had become the Ernst Building, taking the name of its new owner, Caspar Ernst. Five years later it was renamed the Pittsburgh Building, perhaps because Penn Mutual Life Insurance held the note on the mortgage. The building became known as the St. Paul Building in 1934.</p><br>
<p>Office tenants have included doctors, dentists, lawyers, and a dressmaker as well as the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Shops selling books, gloves, jewelry, cigars, candy, and shoes have occupied the street-level storefronts.</p><br>
<p>According to historian David Page, F. Scott Fitzgerald may have rented a writing room in the building in the winter of 1921. On that visit home—his last—Fitzgerald kept the location a secret so he could write undisturbed. Soon, he started writing the short stories that would evolve into The Great Gatsby.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>Many of the bank&#39;s design elements were lost to remodeling over the years, including after World War II, when the storefronts were modernized to attract trend-conscious customers. In 1977, however, the structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In the mid-1980s, its storefronts were restored to their original 19th-century appearance.</p><br>
<p>The Merchants National Bank or Brooks Building is a commercial building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, built and opened in 1892 as a financial center in St. Paul&#39;s Lowertown neighborhood at the corner of Jackson Street and Fifth Street. The structure, designed by Edward Bassford, uses sandstone in a Richardsonian Romanesque style. The ground floor was occupied by an influential bank, while the upper stories provided law offices. Several office tenants went on to great state or national prominence, including Cushman Kellogg Davis, Cordenio Severance, Frank B. Kellogg, Pierce Butler, and William D. Mitchell. For many years, the building was known as the McColl Building. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The four-story structure was carefully rehabilitated and restored by David A. Brooks, and the building now carries his family name.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer and Endicott Buildings are two office buildings located in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The 1890-built Endicott building forms an L-shape around the 1889-built Pioneer Building. At its completion, the Pioneer building was the tallest in Saint Paul. The Endicott building was designed by Cass Gilbert and James Knox Taylor; the Pioneer Building was designed by Solon Spencer Beman in the Romanesque style; it was the first building in the United States to have a glass elevator. Connected in the 1940s, they are together listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Pioneer Building was the tallest building in Saint Paul, Minnesota from its construction in 1889 until 1915 when the Cathedral of St. Paul was constructed. It surpassed the Globe Building.</p><br>
<p>Pioneer Building main entrance.jpgDetail of the main entry to the Pioneer Press Building</p><br>
<p>The Schornstein Grocery and Saloon is a commercial and residential building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1884 for $5,000 in the French Second Empire style, and this Dayton&#39;s Bluff business was designed by architect Augustus F. Gauger . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was built by William Schornstein, "a prominent member of the local German American community," who lived on the premises with his wife Wilhelmina from 1885–1920, running a grocery and saloon. "The establishment was especially popular among the area’s German-Americans and there was a large hall on the third floor for meetings and special events."</p><br>
<p>The Tivoli Brewery  is a historic building originally home to the Tivoli Brewing Company. It was designed by prominent Denver architect Frederick C. Eberley. The building is located in the Auraria Neighborhood of Denver, Colorado. Today the building is home to the Tivoli Student Union of the Auraria Campus, serving as a student center for the Metropolitan State University of Denver, Community College of Denver, and the University of Colorado Denver. In August 2015 the revived Tivoli Brewing Company began brewing in a new facility inside the building, in the original brewing area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tivoli Brewery building, located in the Auraria Neighborhood of Denver, Colorado, is considered a historic landmark. The building is the former home of the Tivoli Brewing Company, which was named after the Tivoli Gardens located in Copenhagen Denmark by past owner John Good. The Tivoli Brewery building was built in 1864 by German immigrant Moritz Sigi along with the Colorado territory&#39;s first artesian well. A well known local character and Denver councilman Sigi brewed the best "Buck Beer", a hybrid lager/ale similar to a Bock. Mr. Sigi had a sudden and tragic horse carriage accident that led to his death in 1874. The brewery was then sold to Max Melsheimer. Melsheimer renamed the brewery Milwaukee Brewery and attempted to expand the business production with the purchase of 250-barrel copper brewing kettles. The Milwaukee Brewery was not able to fulfill this mass production, and Melsheimer foreclosed on the loan he took out for the purchase. John Good, who was involved with both banking and brewing in early Denver history, took over the company and renamed it Tivoli Brewing Co.</p><br>
<p>At the time, the Tivoli Brewery and Zangs Brewery were the biggest breweries before prohibition. Zangs never recovered from the prohibition leaving Tivoli to become the iconic Denver Beer for the Western Aristocrat and eventually a dominant brewery in the west. Tivoli continued to grow and the public continued to embrace Tivoli beer. After Good died in 1918, the brewery stayed in the hands of Good&#39;s descendants and his long-time business partner, William Burghardt. By the 1950s, the brewery became one of the largest breweries in the country, producing up to 150,000 barrels a year which were sold everywhere west of the Mississippi. In the early 1960s Tivoli continued to grow with the Hi-En-Brau brand.</p><br>
<p>When Loraine Good died in 1965, Carl and Joseph Occhiatio purchased the Tivoli-Union Brewery from the estate. The brothers immediately faced hardship when the Platte River flooded in 1965, damaging the brewery. One year later, a labor strike set the business back exponentially. In April 1969, the Tivoli Brewery closed for business. Until Tivoli closed, it was the second oldest continuously operating brewery in the country with Pennsylvania&#39;s Yuengling brewery being the only brewery with an existence surpassing that of Tivoli.</p><br>
<p>After years of abandonment it was converted into a shopping center in the mid 1980s by architectural firm HOK. For some years, the property housed AMC 12-theater operation, later the Starz FilmCenter, which hosted the Denver Film Society&#39;s annual Denver Film Festival from 2001 to 2011.</p><br>
<p>Today, the building is home to the Tivoli Student Union of the Auraria Campus, serving as a student center for the Metropolitan State University of Denver, the University of Colorado Denver, and the Community College of Denver. While it is now used as meeting rooms and student group offices, many of the historic features still remain, including the copper brewing kettles and a barrel lift that is visible from two levels.</p><br>
<p>Tivoli Brewing Co. has since been revived in 2012. The brewery serves as the center of the brewing and beer industry education programs at the schools that share the Auraria campus.</p><br>
<p>The Henry L. Kamphoefner House was the first Modernist house built in Raleigh, North Carolina. During the mid-20th century, faculty members from the School of Design located at North Carolina State College  designed and built several modernist houses in Raleigh for themselves, other faculty, and a few clients. Henry L. Kamphoefner, originally the head of the University of Oklahomas architecture program, became the first dean of the colleges School of Design. Kamphoefner was awarded the North Carolina Award for Fine Arts in 1978 for his work and encouragement of other Modernists to build and design homes in the state. In 1977 he was awarded the Topaz Medallion for Lifelong Achievement in Architecture by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. The Kamphoefner House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 and is designated a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>George Matsumoto, architect of the Ritcher House, and Kamphoefner designed the Kamphoefner House in 1948. The home was constructed in 1950. It is an example of Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s Usonian mode of design, characterized by small scale, affordable construction, open plan interiors, integration of interior and exterior spaces, flat roof and large glazed areas such as windows and doors. The house is oriented around a large, central brick chimney. The rear of the house features large insulated windows, the first of its kind in Raleigh. These windows face a large open terrace and offer a view of the nearby golf course. The front of the house contains no windows, allowing privacy to the occupants.</p><br>
<p>The Lenoir Store built in 1869 is an American historic general store building located in the High Hills of Santee community of Horatio, South Carolina. It stands on the same site where the Lenoir family has operated a general store since before 1808 and "is the oldest business establishment in Sumter County". Since 1900 it has served as the post office for Horatio Zip Code 29062. On July 3, 1997, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. As of that date, it was still being operated by members of the Lenoir family. Lenoir is pronounced le-nore or len-wa by some of its more northern members.</p><br>
<p>Sce:dagĭ Mu:val Va’aki , in Mesa, Arizona, preserves a group of Hohokam structures constructed during the Classic Period. The ruins were occupied between AD 1100 and 1400  and were a product of the Hohokam civilization that inhabited the Salt River Valley. There the Hohokam constructed an extensive system of water canals. It is one of only two Hohokam mounds remaining in the metro Phoenix area, with the other being the Pueblo Grande Museum Archaeological Park. The site&#39;s central feature is a massive ruin of adobe walls and platforms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 when it was owned by B-movie actress Acquanetta and her husband Jack Ross. The site was acquired from them in 1988 by the city of Mesa.</p><br>
<p>Since the 2013 completion of the Visitor Center, the site is seasonally open to the public from October through May.</p><br>
<p>Sce:dagĭ Mu:val Va’aki is operated by the Arizona Museum of Natural History, which is undertaking archaeological studies there. The mound remains remarkably intact. The general site remains protected but undeveloped.</p><br>
<p>The ruins are located to the west and across the street from the former Mesa Lutheran Hospital, which became a Banner Health corporate center housing billing and information technology employees.</p><br>
<p>Artifacts presumably associated with the ruins have been found in the neighborhood to the west. Axe heads, arrow heads, and pottery sherds were regularly uncovered and collected by residents during the 1960s and 1970s just under the surface of the earth in private property there.</p><br>
<p>Henry Clay&#39;s Law Office was the law office of American statesman Henry Clay in Lexington, Kentucky from 1803 to 1810; it is one of the few professional buildings still standing from that time.</p><br>
<h2>Clay&#39;s law office</h2><br>
<p>Clay received formal legal education at the College of William and Mary in Virginia, studying under George Wythe.</p><br>
<p>Clay prepared for the bar by working with the Virginia attorney general, Robert Brooke, and he was admitted in 1797.</p><br>
<p>As a young lawyer seeking to establish a successful law practice, Clay relocated to Lexington in November 1797. In 1803, Clay built and occupied the building located on Mill Street near his wife&#39;s family residence. The one-story brick structure measures a mere 20 by 22 feet. Clay occupied the office while serving in the Kentucky Legislature and in the United States Senate.</p><br>
<h2>After Clay</h2><br>
<p>In 1830, the law office was incorporated into a larger building, and the original roof was removed.</p><br>
<p>The State of Kentucky purchased the building in 1969, and restoration was completed in 1971. The law office is now owned by the First Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Hall is an historic plantation located in the High Hills of Santee at 2025 Horatio-Hagood Road, Hagood, South Carolina. Its Greek Revival plantation house was built in 1821 by its owner Isaac Barnes. After Dr. Swepson Saunders bought the property in 1853, he added onto it in 1855 and 1860.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Hall was threatened with destruction by Union troops in April 1865, under the command of Brigadier General Edward E. Potter, but was reportedly saved by the actions of Dr. Saunder&#39;s slave cook in feeding the troops when they appeared. Dr. Saunders, who took refuge somewhere between Magnolia Hall and Stateburg, wrote to his wife that he had seen the burning houses in Stateburg and had expected to see their own house burning.</p><br>
<p>On September 2, 1999, Magnolia Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is also known as the Dr. Swepson Saunders House.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Ward Beebe House, also known as the John Leuthold Residence, is a three-story stucco prairie house built by Dr. Ward and Bess Beebe and designed by Purcell and Elmslie in 1912. Purcell and Elmslie were prolific designers of prairie style homes. It is located in the West Summit Avenue Historic District, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Ward Beebe was a bacteriologist, and the house was built for him and his wife Bess as a wedding present from her parents. The Beebe house is the firm&#39;s only house in Saint Paul, and includes some elements from English Arts and Crafts design as well as the Prairie Style. Purcell and Elmslie designed the primary rooms with good views, since the Summit Avenue location was important. Purcell was quoted as saying, "At the time... it was one of the most talked about residential streets in America, broad and with beautiful trees; the views up and down the street were valued. So the unusual corner windows looking both ways from the living room were accepted as a fine response toward a choice and expensive location." The house has a large cross-gabled roof with deep eaves, giving it a broader look than its narrow structure would otherwise indicate. On the inside, the living room and the dining room are centered around a hearth and have no walls between them, similar to the Dr. Oscar Owre House in Minneapolis. The firm preferred to avoid building walls in first-floor living areas so they could increase the sense of space. The second floor has three bedrooms, a bathroom, and a tiny library sitting room with bay windows and a window seat. Elmslie also designed detailed art glass insets for the bookcases near the entrance.</p><br>
<p>Blair Flats, also known as the Blair Arcade Building, is a Victorian residential building designed by Hermann Kretz and William H. Thomas in 1887, located in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The building is located on the intersection of Western and Selby Avenues. It is also a contributing property to the Historic Hill District. Construction materials are sandstone and brick. The building has been used as apartments, hotel, and condominiums.</p><br>
<p>From 2006 to 2012 the lower level of the building housed Common Good Books, an independent bookstore owned by Garrison Keillor. The space currently holds SubText: a Bookstore, a community-oriented independent bookstore owned by veteran bookseller Sue Zumberge.</p><br>
<p>Audubon Terrace  is a group of eight early-20th century Beaux Arts/American Renaissance buildings in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, in New York City, United States. The complex is bounded by Broadway to the east, 155th Street to the south, and 156th Street to the north. Home to several cultural institutions, the architecturally complementary buildings, which take up most of a city block, are arranged in two parallel rows facing each other across a common plaza. The complex is directly across 155th Street from Trinity Church Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Although the 157th Street station on the New York City Subways is one block away, the complexs location considerably north of Midtown Manhattan has resulted in a perceived detriment to easy access for visitors. The complex was designated a New York City landmark in 1979, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Named for naturalist and artist John James Audubon, on whose former land the complex sits, Audubon Terrace was commissioned in 1907 by Archer Milton Huntington, the heir to the Southern Pacific Railroad fortune, a philanthropist and a Spanish scholar. The master plan for the site was drawn up by his cousin, architect Charles P. Huntington, in 1908. Archer Huntington chose the location at a time when the two centuries old northward march of fashionable residences and cultural institutions seemed likely to transform the largely rural area. He assumed that other museums and learned societies would soon join him, creating an intellectual citadel atop the islands heights. The widespread adoption of the elevator and steel framing at this time, however, led Manhattan real estate to begin to develop vertically instead and New Yorks other great cultural institutions failed to follow suit – in fact, most of the organizations which located on Audubon Terrace were headed by or strongly connected to Huntington.</p><br>
<p>In 1904, Huntington had founded the Hispanic Society of America, and had commissioned Charles Huntington to design a building for the new institution on the grounds of what would become Audubon Terrace. Huntingtons original building was constructed from 1904–08, with a west wing by Huntington added in 1915 along with an east wing designed by Erik Strindberg. In 1923–30, a library for the Society was added across the plaza, designed by H. Brooks Price. The next institutions to locate on the site all had their buildings designed by Charles Huntington: the American Numismatic Society, built in 1907, the American Geographical Society (1911), the Spanish-speaking Church of Our Lady of Esperanza (1909–12; West 156th Street addition and remodeling in 1924 by Lawrence G. White, Stanford Whites son), and the Museum of the American Indian (1915–22).</p><br>
<p>In 1921–23, William M. Kendall of McKim, Mead & White designed an Anglo-Italian Renaissance building for the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the National Institute of Arts and Letters, which was followed by an auditorium and gallery for them designed by Cass Gilbert and built in 1928–30. The two organizations merged as the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The plaza surrounding these buildings is the location of a number of sculptures executed by Anna Hyatt Huntington, Archer Huntington&#39;s wife, between 1927 and 1944.</p><br>
<h2>Resident institutions</h2><br>
<p>A number of the original institutions are no longer resident on the Terrace:</p><br>
<p>The American Geographical Society, founded in 1851, moved its collection of maps, photographs, books, journals and atlases – the largest map collection in the world – to the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1978. The AGS was replaced on Audubon Terrace by a campus of Boricua College, a bilingual college.</p><br>
<p>The Heye Foundation&#39;s Museum of the American Indian (founded in 1916) merged into the National Museum of the American Indian, a component of the Smithsonian Institution which opened in 2004 on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., with a small permanent gallery remaining in New York City in the Custom House at Bowling Green. The space occupied by the Museum of the American Indian is now used by the Hispanic Society.</p><br>
<p>The American Numismatic Society, founded in 1858, moved in 2008 to a facility on Varick Street in downtown Manhattan. This building has been taken over by the American Academy of Arts and Letters as an Annex, and the space between it and the original Academy building was converted in 2009 into a new entrance link designed by James Vincent Czajka with Pei Cobb Freed & Partners.</p><br>
<p>Of the remaining original institutions, the Hispanic Society is renovating its existing space as well as expanding into the space left vacant by the Museum of the American Indian, a project that will take several years to complete. A plan to move the Hispanic Society downtown was contemplated in 2006 but ultimately not carried out. Some of its collection is on tour, and so far, has been sent to Madrid, Mexico City, and Albuquerque. The Society maintains a library and a museum with an important collection of art and artifacts from the Iberian Peninsula, with some items from Spanish America.</p><br>
<p>The American Academy of Arts and Letters was founded in 1898. Its gallery is open to the public Tuesdays through Saturdays from 1 pm to 4 pm, except from March to June, when it is open Thursdays through Sundays from 1 pm to 4 pm.</p><br>
<p>Larimer Memorial Library is a historic library at 216 Reid Street in the city of Palatka, Putnam County, Florida, in the United States. It was given to the Arts Council of Greater Palatka in 1992, and renamed the Larimer Arts Center. On March 12, 2008, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The library, commissioned by James Ross Mellon, a wealthy seasonal resident of the city, was constructed in 1929 at a cost of $100,000. Henry John Klutho was selected to design the structure. Mellon named the library for his wife Rachel Hughey Larimer. The library would be dedicated and donated to the City of Palatka in April 1930 in an event attended by thousands. The presidents of the University of Florida, Florida Southern College, Stetson University, and the Florida State College for Women each spoke at the ceremony.</p><br>
<p>Of Kluthos surviving buildings, by 1983 the Larimer was one of only 3 listed as still being in “excellent condition”. The buildings architectural style is a mix of the Prairie School and Art Deco. It is constructed of limestone with a basement and one story above. The otherwise symmetrical façade of the building bears two phrases: “Ignorance breeds crime” on the left of the entrance and “Knowledge is power” to the right. Iron filigree adorns the recessed portico of the buildings double door entranceway at the top of a flight of steps. Upon the librarys completion, there were two reading rooms to either side of entrance. The librarys bookshelves were on the first floor, across the backside of the building. These bookshelves housed 50,000 books, as well as other publications such as newspapers. Until 1992 when the library was converted into the Larimer Arts Center, the library had a childrens room, a librarian&#39;s office, and a magazine room, as well as the main reading room.</p><br>
<p>Today the Larimer Arts Center houses an art gallery and the Scarlett-Hill Theater.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Episcopal Church  is an Episcopal Church located in Georgetown, Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Trinity was organized in 1847 through the efforts of the Reverend J. N. Norton, rector of the Church of the Ascension, Frankfort, during the episcopate of Bishop Benjamin Bosworth Smith, the first bishop of Kentucky. The church building was constructed during the years 1864–1868 by John and Henry Clarke, outstanding churchmen and craftsmen whose wood carvings decorate the interior of the building. The stone for the church was quarried from the actual site and much of the construction was done by lamp light. The church was consecrated on June 23, 1870, by the Right Reverend George David Cummins, second bishop of Kentucky. The church building is designated a Kentucky Landmark and is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1900s, Holy Trinity suffered from dwindling membership and lack of money. From 1925 until 1959, the parish reverted to mission status. The return to parish status in the latter year was the result of work by the members under the leadership of their rector, the Reverend William D. Smith. When Canon Smith and his wife Beulah (affectionately known as Mr. Bill and Miss Beulah) came to Holy Trinity in 1948, the congregation numbered only 20 members. The Smiths revived the spirit of the congregation and helped rebuild the community over the next twenty-two years.</p><br>
<p>A parish hall was built in 1966. Free-standing and modern, it is compatible with the Gothic architecture of the church building. Adjacent to the church and parish hall is a memorial garden. Incorporated within the memorial garden is a columbarium for the interment of those choosing cremation.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the church applied for federal funds to build Trinity Apartments which is still providing safe housing for elderly residents. In 1999 the church donated land behind the parish hall for the construction of a new facility for the Georgetown Child Development Center. Although its members control its board and the two buildings are joined, the childcare facility is a separate corporate entity.</p><br>
<p>The Gasparilla Inn & Club is a historic hotel at 500 Palm Avenue on Gasparilla Island in Boca Grande, Florida.</p><br>
<p>The Gasparilla Inn is one of the largest surviving resort hotels in Florida, constructed originally for wealthy northerners in the early 20th century, during the time when the state became a travel and vacation destination.</p><br>
<p>The inn is a two-and-a-half-story hotel building. Its first section was built in 1911; it was expanded in 1912 and in 1915. Its Classical Revival-style portico was added around 1931.</p><br>
<p>The Gasparilla Inn Historic District is a 25 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It includes the inn, ten guest cottages built between 1915 and 1933, "two housekeeping maintenance sheds, also constructed in 1933, and two historic sites, a croquet court, and holes five and six of the historic 18-hole golf course both of which were constructed c. 1930 on the grounds at the rear of the Inn."</p><br>
<p>It includes, as non-contributing resources, the Mallet Club Croquet House and croquet courts to the northeast of the Inn and north of holes</p><br>
<p>five and six of the golf course. The Croquet House incorporates a section of what was originally the Fletcher House, moved in the 1980s from Gilchrist Avenue in Boca Grande.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is a member of the Historic Hotels of America.</p><br>
<p>The Anthony Yoerg Sr. House is a historic house in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was the home of Anthony Yoerg , a Bavarian immigrant who constructed Minnesotas first brewery; the house is located high on the bluffs and the brewery was located just below the house on the lowlands in Saint Pauls West Side neighborhood. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The house was completed in 1875 by Monroe Sheire, and is one of the few surviving works by Sheire. One other surviving work is the Alexander Ramsey House, completed in 1872.</p><br>
<p>The Casiville Bullard House is a historic house in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was built from 1909 to 1910 by stonemason and bricklayer Casiville Bullard , one of the few known African-American skilled workers active in the building trades in early-20th-century Saint Paul. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its local significance in the themes of black history and social history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Casiville "Charlie" Bullard was born on February 24, 1873, in Memphis, Tennessee. His parents were former slaves who worked as cotton pickers. The eldest of seven children, Bullard spent much of his youth picking cotton with his parents and babysitting his younger siblings. Although he only received a third-grade education, a male relative gave him instruction in building trades such as stonemasonry, bricklaying, and plastering. During the era of slavery in the United States, enslaved African Americans were often forced to repair and maintain buildings and to make clothing, on top of being forced to perform agricultural labor. As a result, many individuals became proficient in spinning, weaving, shoemaking, carpentry, painting, blacksmithing, and the building trades This knowledge was passed from one generation to the next, and many African Americans dominated these crafts after emancipation.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the building trades, Bullard also was educated in carpentry. He became very skilled at cutting and laying brick, marble, and granite, and cutting and laying pine and oak flooring. Racial prejudice began to manifest itself in the building industry in the American South in the late 19th century, though. Locals of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners union were segregated, so black workers were predominantly sent only to poor black neighborhoods. The building trades unions were much less likely to discriminate, because most of their skilled craftsmen were black. Even with that, though, many African American craftsmen migrated to northern cities between 1890 and 1910, in an effort to escape housing discrimination, segregation laws, and the loss of political power and legal rights.</p><br>
<p>Bullard first came to Saint Paul in 1898 to do stonework for the third Minnesota State Capitol, designed by Cass Gilbert. For the next few years he lived and worked in Minnesota seasonally, but in 1902, he and his wife Addison (Addie) moved to the state permanently. Their first child, Lillie, was born in Saint Paul the same year.</p><br>
<p>Soon after, Bullard purchased land at 1282 Folsom Street in the Como Heights neighborhood of Saint Paul. His family lived in a tent on the property while he built a wooden house, which was under construction no later than 1904. Bullard worked on this house at night after he had completed his workday, often with his wife holding a kerosene lamp to provide light.</p><br>
<p>Bullard was a card-carrying member of the Bricklayers Local #1, which was highly unusual for an African American of his time. He likely became a member in Tennessee and received a traveling card to join the local union in Saint Paul when he moved to the city. This membership made him eligible for unionized work, which made up the bulk of significant construction work done in St. Paul in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Bullard was sought after for his skills, since it was rare to find a laborer proficient at both brick and stone work. He was part of the team that built many significant buildings in Saint Paul such as the Federal Courts Building (now the Landmark Center), the Cathedral of Saint Paul, the Minnesota Governor&#39;s Residence, Saint Paul Union Depot, and the Highland Park Tower.</p><br>
<p>Bullard had a reputation as an expert in his field, and he applied all of his skills, including carpentry, to this, his family&#39;s second home, which he built of brick at 1282 Folsom Street in 1909. The house has two stories in an American Foursquare design, a front and back porch, and a bay window. Other windows in the house held decorative stained glass. Bullard also built this house in the evenings after work.</p><br>
<p>The Bullard family, numbering twelve by 1917, lived in the brick house on Folsom Street until 1919, when they moved to another, larger property a few blocks away. Casiville Bullard lived in three other homes before his death on June 1, 1959.</p><br>
<p>The Giesen–Hauser House  is a historic house located at 827 Mound Street in Saint Paul, Minnesota.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The three-story, Queen Anne style, sandstone and brick house was designed by Albert Zschoke and built in 1891. As addressed in its NRHP designation, “the design of the residence exemplifies many of the popular elements contributing to the diversity and picturesque qualities of Victorian building.”</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 19, 1983.</p><br>
<p>11 South LaSalle Street Building or Eleven South LaSalle Street Building  is a Chicago Landmark building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and that is located at 11 South LaSalle Street in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. This address is located on the southeast corner of LaSalle and Madison Street in Cook County, Illinois, across the Madison Street from the One North LaSalle Building. The building sits on a site of a former Roanoke building  that once served as a National Weather Service Weather Forecast official climate site and replaced Major Block 1 after the Great Chicago Fire. The current building has incorporated the frontage of other buildings east of the original site of Major Block 1.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (under the name Lumber Exchange Building and Tower Addition) on December 6, 2007, and named a Chicago Landmark on December 12, 2007. It incorporates the lands of the former DeSoto Building and former Farwell Hall. The building was renovated to become the world&#39;s largest Residence Inn in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Original Roanoke Building</h2><br>
<p>A four-story Major Block 1 building, designed by T. V. Widskier, sat on this location until the Great Chicago Fire. After the fire, this was replaced with the Major Block 2, which eventually became known as the Roanoke Building. Major Block 2 stood from 1872 to 1912 as a seven-story building on spread foundations. It was designed by Dixon & Hamilton and had a length of 136 ft along South LaSalle Street and a width of 66 ft along West Madison Street. A commonly published illustration of this building shows it as a five-story building. From June 8, 1873, to January 1, 1887, the original Roanoke building served as the Chicago location for the National Weather Service Weather Forecast official climate site. The building is mentioned in Saul Bellow&#39;s More Die of Heartbreak but there it is referred to as a wealthy residence building and not as an office building.</p><br>
<h2>Current Roanoke Building</h2><br>
<h3>The original current building</h3><br>
<p>The current building was designed in three phases: in 1915 Holabird & Roche&#39;s design for the first 16 floors was built, and five floors were added in 1922. It was built originally as the sixteen-story high Lumber Exchange Building and later renamed as the 11 South LaSalle Street Building. The Holabird & Roche design had three basements and rock caissons. The building uses dark terra cotta with italianate designs. The vaulted ceiling and marble wall lobby contribute to what is described as a classical entrance and lobby. The Palladian entrance uses contrasting white varigated and black marble.</p><br>
<h3>Tower addition</h3><br>
<p>In 1925, the building was built to its current 35 story height by the addition of an adjacent tower to the east of the Madison street frontage. The 36-story tower was added east of the original structure on the site of the former DeSoto Building at 125-129 West Madison. The current Roanoke building is the citys only example of a building in the style of Portuguese Gothic architecture. According to the press release from the city announcing the landmark promotion, the buildings terra cotta ornamentation is derived from Portuguese Gothic precedents. The building was modernized in the 1950s and went through a postmodern renovation in 1984 to evoke the original ornamentation. The building has the same frontage as the original Roanoke building plus that of the former Farewell Hall (built by William W. Boyington at 131-3 West Madison Street).</p><br>
<p>From 1920 until 1969 the building hosted the offices of the law firm Sidley & Austin. Today the building is leased by small service industry firms, such as second-floor tenant Thomas P. Gohagan & Co., which arranges travel trips and tours for non-profit organizations.</p><br>
<p>The building is undergoing renovation to the lobby, the façade, the elevators and the exterior lighting. The recent National Register listing has made the renovation feasible by making the building eligible for federal tax credits and reduced property taxes. The building qualified for the landmark Class L tax status, which makes it eligible for twelve years of reduced property taxes and other economic incentives for repair and rehab of historic buildings In order to perform the renovation the owners took out a $43.3 million loan against the property according to Form 8-K filings with the USA Securities and Exchange Commission. Its National Registered Historic Places announcement listed it under the name "Lumber Exchange Building and Tower Addition" although its Chicago Landmark listing is under the name "Roanoke Building and Tower."</p><br>
<h3>2015 Remodel</h3><br>
<p>In October 2006, Michael Reschke bought the Roanoke building and he refinanced it in 2007. In 2009, Reschke announced plans to convert the building into a high-end hotel. In April 2012, Michael Silberberg-led Berkley Properties LLC appeared to have bought the Roanoke Building from KBS Capital Advisors LLC with plans to convert the building into a hotel. However, financing difficulties caused the plans to be caught up in legal proceedings within a month. By January 2014, Reschke had prevailed in a legal battle and secured financing for a $68 million construction loan to convert the building into a Residence Inn. In late 2014, the city approved a $13.8 million, 12-year property tax incentive for rehabilitating historic elements of the building, adding a green roof, and converting the building to a Residence Inn. On September 21, 2015, the building opened for business as the largest Residence Inn in the world with 380 rooms and 7500 square feet of meeting space after $136 million in renovations over two years. On November 10, 2015, Residence Inn celebrated its 40th anniversary during the 100th year of the building&#39;s existence at this location, which was its 700th location.</p><br>
<p>High Hills of Santee Baptist Church is an historic Southern Baptist church located in the High Hills of Santee in Stateburg, near Dalzell in Sumter County, South Carolina. Its congregation was founded in 1772 and the present church was built in 1848.</p><br>
<p>Its first pastor was Richard Furman, who went on to become one of South Carolina&#39;s most influential ministers. Furman University was named for him. Many of the Baptist churches in the area are offshoots of this church.</p><br>
<p>High Hills of Santee Baptist Church is a contributing property in the Stateburg Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.</p><br>
<p>High Hills Baptist Church is a member of the Santee Baptist Association.</p><br>
<p>River Oaks Garden Club Forum of Civics is a building at 2503 Westheimer Road in Houston, Texas, United States listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the "Forum of Civics."</p><br>
<p>The building is located south of the River Oaks neighborhood in the Upper Kirby district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1910, the building, known as John Smith County School, served as a county schoolhouse. John F. Staub remodeled the building to serve as the headquarters of the Forum of Civics, an organization founded by Will Hogg. In 1939 the Hogg estate bequeathed the Forum of Civics to the University of Texas. River Oaks Garden Club has owned the building since 1942. The building received listing in the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Shadelands Ranch was established by Hiram Penniman, an early American settler of California in 1856 as one of the first and largest farms in California&#39;s Ygnacio Valley.</p><br>
<p>Penniman arrived in California in 1853 and three years later purchased 500 acre of land from Encarnación Pacheco, daughter of Juana Sanchez de Pacheco, then owner of Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones from which the 500 acre were taken.</p><br>
<p>Penniman planted a variety of fruit and nuts, including peaches, pears, apricots, grapes, almonds, and walnuts, as well as prunes, which served as Pennimans most important and most profitable crop. The original name of Pennimans ranch was "Shadelands Fruit Farm". Hiram Penniman fell ill in January 1897 and care and oversight of the ranch became largely the responsibility of Pennimans oldest daughter, Mary. The ranch fell on hard times with a drop in the price of crops and Mary had to depend on the charity of her sister Bessies wealthy husband to take care of many of the ranch&#39;s financial concerns.</p><br>
<p>When Hiram finally died, ownership of the ranch passed to Mary, then subsequently to Bessie after Marys death in 1909. Bessie and her husband Albert Johnson mainly managed the ranch from afar, as Alberts business concerns lay mainly in distant Chicago. In 1921, Bessie hired Edmund Moyer to reside at the ranch with his family and supervise it.</p><br>
<p>The Gospel Foundation continued to administer Shadelands until 1970, when they gave the remaining 1.5 acre of land and the ranch house to the city of Walnut Creek, California. Today it is managed by the Walnut Creek Historical Society, and has been open to the public since 1972 as a historical museum, the ranch house still furnished with much of the Pennimans&#39; original furniture. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant is -story brick structure with a gambrel roof and is about two-thirds its original length. It is located near Upper Marlboro in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. Mount Pleasant was patented in 1697 to Richard Marsham, whose wife Anne was the daughter of Leonard Calvert, Governor of Maryland. Their grandson, Marsham Waring, inherited the home from his grandfather in 1713. His son, Richard Marsham Waring had a son, Richard Marsham Jr., born in 1733, who then inherited Mount Pleasant and Patented and Certified the tract of land dubbed "Mount Pleasant Enlarged" in 1760. On August 21, 1764, Richard Marsham Jr. sold the acre tract of land to his brother John for £474.6s.9d. John later built the standing house in the years between 1764 and 1785 . John died in 1813 and was buried at Mount Pleasant.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant is an example of an almost distinctively Maryland style of house—the English gambrel roof dwelling in brick, with the steep gambrel which has dormers almost flush with the second pitch of the roof. This house is significant primarily for its architecture and as a representative example of a more modest type of mid-Georgian dwelling than others in Maryland such as Montpelier, and probably a closer reflection of the architectural ancestry than the Palladian country house. As a more modest dwelling Mount Pleasant is an unusual survivor.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Fielder Bowie is interred in the Waring family burial ground on this site.</p><br>
<p>The Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, now known as the In-Space Propulsion Facility, is , the "world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions." The facility, located at NASAs Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which was used to launch some of Americas most important space probes. The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>NASA&#39;s Plum Brook Station is located off Taylor Road, between Bloomingville and Bogart, south of Sandusky, Ohio. This remote site was established by NASA to facilitate large-scale testing of dangerous equipment. The In-Space Propulsion Facility, designed to perform full-scale test-firing of large rockets, is one of several facilities at the station. It consists of a building housing its main test chamber, a test equipment building, and fueling and exhaust facilities associated with the firing of rockets within the test chamber. The main chamber is a steel cylinder designed to house test subjects up to 22 ft in diameter and 50 ft in height. A door 27 ft high provides access for bringing equipment into the chamber, which is equipped with several viewports through which remote viewing apparatus can observe the test. The chamber has a cooling wall capable of being maintained at -320 &deg;F, cooled by liquid nitrogen. Infrared lamps simulate radiation environments found in space, and the chamber is capable of being having its pressure reduced to the equivalent of 100 mi of altitude. Engines in the test chamber can generate a thrust up to 400,000 pounds.</p><br>
<p>The facility was built in 1968 as part of the Centaur development. These upper-stage rockets (launched on Atlas V first stages) needed to be capable of firing at high altitude to launch their payloads out of Earth orbit. More than ten tests of Centaur rockets here enabled the later successful launches in the Pioneer, Voyager, and Viking programs.</p><br>
<p>Kurth Brewery was located in Columbus, Wisconsin and operated from 1859 to 1949. In 1914, it was producing about 100 barrels of beer a day, making it one of the largest breweries in southern Wisconsin. A fire destroyed the malting buildings in 1916; however, the hospitality bar remains today at the corner of Park Avenue and Farnham Street and is open Wednesday and Friday nights. The brewery is still owned by the Kurth family.</p><br>
<p>The Kurth Brewery is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
